me share with you / you these texts so that we can understand more what is really happening on our societies, we accept without any analysis because it is what we have "sucked." We must educate ON GENDER EQUALITY, which is not a utopia that phrase. We must find a balance and think that gender education is everything. Conciencémonos of how we live today, we leave aside esteorotipos, and start with the social deconstruction between what they must "do, be, behave distinctly" a man and a woman are people and therefore we must understand, see and correct, how we are educating our children, how we behave, react on what is apprehended. What we need to be cut are all these stereotypes, cultural myths about gender differentiation, which have been submitted by everyone, we must be aware of our reality as living with the reality is no gender-based violence, the neglect against women, against ourselves, health, old age etc ... We really have many opportunities to change this, we must consider for yourself, for me, for the children, and take control of our lives. I encourage change.
THE STUDY OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN. J.
HAYDEN. GENDER DIFFERENCES.
Meta-analysis is a new technique that allows researchers to bring order to the chaos of these studies is a statistical technique.
To perform a meta-analysis, develops a work of three stages;
1 - Locate all relevant previous studies investigating.
2 - Calculates a statistic for each study that measures the magnitude of the difference between men and women and what is the direction of the difference.
3 - Average all values \u200b\u200bof d for all the studies located.
Therefore,
aggressive behavior, In particular it is likely that women are as aggressive as men when it seems justified aggression. Also men and women react differently to provocation. Anger at men, women anxiety.
Causes of differences;
1-aggressiveness is a key aspect of the male role in our society's lack of aggressiveness or passivity gives a key aspect of the female role.
2-Children imitate adults more of the same gender than opposite gender.
3-Children are more rewards and less punishment for aggressive behavior than girls. Are things good boys and girls do not do that.
4-Those who impose discipline are the mothers and teachers.
Dominance; Most studies show that males are more dominant than women;
1 - adult dominance interactions are more important than behavior-based fighting fists.
2 - The dominant has a higher rank than subordinate individuals.
femistas theorists have argued that gender is an important variable of social status and that men have a category than women.
Confidence ;
1 - Women make lower estimates of their expectations on the type of tasks involved.
2 - The gender difference depends on the type of information that is offered to people about their performance. If the information is clear and unambiguous its estimates will not be lower than those of men.
3 - males have higher estimates, and rely too much on themselves.
activity;
Children are more active, and as social psychology texts, everything depends on the situation they are measured. As children grow up learning to control more of their activity, so that the lower level can be presented by the girls do not reflect their greater ability to control due to its maturity somewhat higher.
The impressionability ;
The social psychology texts say women are more influenced than men, are more easily persuaded, suggestible and more conformist. However it arises, which tends to try to keep harmony in the group.
helping behavior, Males provided more help than women, it is surprising given that support and nurture are an important aspect of the female role. Aid is heroic, chivalrous. Tendency to help when the situation can be dangerous.
Anxiety;
Girls are more fearful, timid, anxious children, but only they are willing to admit it, and stereotypes assigned to children as fearless, courageous.
Empathy;
Women are more empathic, according to the general stereotype of women's emotional expressiveness and emotional blankness of men, also depends on the way to measure, although the items measuring more than the stereotypes Indeed, although indicate that women are more empathetic than men, the difference is small.
Leadership;
The results indicate that women use democratic styles rather than autocratic men.
Sociability;
The belief that women are more sociable than men is part of the accepted conventional ideas, but there are no gender differences in terms of sociability.
children seem to respond equally to social reinforcement. Children tend to congregate in large groups or gangs, while girls in pairs or small groups, both testing not support the idea that women are more sociable and dependent on social reinforcement.
Conclusions ;
No evidence of gender differences .
Sex differences more myths than realities.
1-BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF THESE GENRES psychological differences between the biology we
difference;
• Genetics, Genitals, identity label taking very feminine women, short stature, if sexual immaturity, no chest, short hair, no menstruation, no normal development. Cognitive Problems
• hormonal factors (estrogen and testosterone)
• Structure and organization of the brain, brain size, hemispheric differences, less lateralization in women, lower spatial ability and mathematics.
2-CULTURAL EXPLANATIONS
culture sets us apart:
• The historic moment, the differences in mathematics have dropped by 50% in the last 30 years
• The sociocultural context, the Chinese girls have better scores math than boys in the U.S..
• The family interactions with peers, teachers, significant others.
3 - CONCLUSIONS
• The importance of methodological issues, research regarding gender balanced, never or almost never do research with people of one gender, theoretical models, basic assumptions have to be raised, all investigators both men and women, to collect data in order to avoid experimenter effect, interpretations of data must be reviewed carefully.
• Concept of Gender;
1 - Gender as a stable trait, affects multiple facets of the person, produce group differences, men vs. Women.
2 - Gender as a feature, biologist; innate differences, patterned by evolution.
3 - Gender as a scratch cultural early social development, life cycle than, say male-female cultural ideals
4 - The biological and cultural act in concert.
5 - Gender as style, there are different ways to express masculinity and femininity, gender shapes the behavioral and cognitive style.
6 - Emphasis on social-cultural, provides greater variability in beliefs, ideologies, styles.
7 - Relationship between internal-external dynamics, biological, social provision, social opportunity.
8 - Gender as Performance, Breaking the notion of stability (internal-external)
9 - Gender, deployment of action recognized as gendered behavior gender. Reflects the éenero act / respond to a social order, uneven / asymmetric, structured by sexual dimorphism / heterosexual. • Risk
max or min on gender differences.
• Concern for the lives of girls and women.
• Concern to eradicate sexism.
SHAFFER. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONALITY.
What conclusion should we draw on psychological differences between the sexes?
From the psychological point of view men and women are much more alike than different, so it is impossible to predict the aggressiveness, math skills, the level of activity, or emotional a person by just knowing your gender.
cultural myths, Maccoby and Jacklin proposal that many of the stereotypes of gender roles are cultural myths. Whenever a member of the group behaves as expected by the observer notices and her belief is shaped, when a group member behaves in a way that does not match the expectations of the observer, the sample is unlikely to go unnoticed. In other words, stereotypes of gender roles are rooted in cognitive schemata we use to interpret the behavior of men and women.
Do they create stereotypes of gender roles self-fulfilling prophecy? Influence
home, parents can help to establish differences in ability and perception differently. Example, math, parents' expectations about differences in mathematical ability between the sexes become prophecies. Parents influenced by gender stereotypes expect their children to overcome their daughters in math, contribute to success in the children, but strengthened over the lack of girls need more performance, so that girls think they are worth for mathematics.
academic Influlencia , teachers have stereotyped beliefs about the ability of students / os
Evolutionary trends of the gender typing
1 - The development of gender identity.
2 - The development of stereotypical gender roles.
3 - Conduct a criminal.
Causes of differences;
1-aggressiveness is a key aspect of the male role in our society's lack of aggressiveness or passivity gives a key aspect of the female role.
2-Children imitate adults more of the same gender than opposite gender.
3-Children are more rewards and less punishment for aggressive behavior than girls. Are things good boys and girls do not do that.
4-Those who impose discipline are the mothers and teachers.
Dominance; Most studies show that males are more dominant than women;
1 - adult dominance interactions are more important than behavior-based fighting fists.
2 - The dominant has a higher rank than subordinate individuals.
femistas theorists have argued that gender is an important variable of social status and that men have a category than women.
Confidence ;
1 - Women make lower estimates of their expectations on the type of tasks involved.
2 - The gender difference depends on the type of information that is offered to people about their performance. If the information is clear and unambiguous its estimates will not be lower than those of men.
3 - males have higher estimates, and rely too much on themselves.
activity;
Children are more active, and as social psychology texts, everything depends on the situation they are measured. As children grow up learning to control more of their activity, so that the lower level can be presented by the girls do not reflect their greater ability to control due to its maturity somewhat higher.
The impressionability ;
The social psychology texts say women are more influenced than men, are more easily persuaded, suggestible and more conformist. However it arises, which tends to try to keep harmony in the group.
helping behavior, Males provided more help than women, it is surprising given that support and nurture are an important aspect of the female role. Aid is heroic, chivalrous. Tendency to help when the situation can be dangerous.
Anxiety;
Girls are more fearful, timid, anxious children, but only they are willing to admit it, and stereotypes assigned to children as fearless, courageous.
Empathy;
Women are more empathic, according to the general stereotype of women's emotional expressiveness and emotional blankness of men, also depends on the way to measure, although the items measuring more than the stereotypes Indeed, although indicate that women are more empathetic than men, the difference is small.
Leadership;
The results indicate that women use democratic styles rather than autocratic men.
Sociability;
The belief that women are more sociable than men is part of the accepted conventional ideas, but there are no gender differences in terms of sociability.
children seem to respond equally to social reinforcement. Children tend to congregate in large groups or gangs, while girls in pairs or small groups, both testing not support the idea that women are more sociable and dependent on social reinforcement.
Conclusions ;
No evidence of gender differences .
Sex differences more myths than realities.
1-BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF THESE GENRES psychological differences between the biology we
difference;
• Genetics, Genitals, identity label taking very feminine women, short stature, if sexual immaturity, no chest, short hair, no menstruation, no normal development. Cognitive Problems
• hormonal factors (estrogen and testosterone)
• Structure and organization of the brain, brain size, hemispheric differences, less lateralization in women, lower spatial ability and mathematics.
2-CULTURAL EXPLANATIONS
culture sets us apart:
• The historic moment, the differences in mathematics have dropped by 50% in the last 30 years
• The sociocultural context, the Chinese girls have better scores math than boys in the U.S..
• The family interactions with peers, teachers, significant others.
3 - CONCLUSIONS
• The importance of methodological issues, research regarding gender balanced, never or almost never do research with people of one gender, theoretical models, basic assumptions have to be raised, all investigators both men and women, to collect data in order to avoid experimenter effect, interpretations of data must be reviewed carefully.
• Concept of Gender;
1 - Gender as a stable trait, affects multiple facets of the person, produce group differences, men vs. Women.
2 - Gender as a feature, biologist; innate differences, patterned by evolution.
3 - Gender as a scratch cultural early social development, life cycle than, say male-female cultural ideals
4 - The biological and cultural act in concert.
5 - Gender as style, there are different ways to express masculinity and femininity, gender shapes the behavioral and cognitive style.
6 - Emphasis on social-cultural, provides greater variability in beliefs, ideologies, styles.
7 - Relationship between internal-external dynamics, biological, social provision, social opportunity.
8 - Gender as Performance, Breaking the notion of stability (internal-external)
9 - Gender, deployment of action recognized as gendered behavior gender. Reflects the éenero act / respond to a social order, uneven / asymmetric, structured by sexual dimorphism / heterosexual. • Risk
max or min on gender differences.
• Concern for the lives of girls and women.
• Concern to eradicate sexism.
SHAFFER. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONALITY.
What conclusion should we draw on psychological differences between the sexes?
From the psychological point of view men and women are much more alike than different, so it is impossible to predict the aggressiveness, math skills, the level of activity, or emotional a person by just knowing your gender.
cultural myths, Maccoby and Jacklin proposal that many of the stereotypes of gender roles are cultural myths. Whenever a member of the group behaves as expected by the observer notices and her belief is shaped, when a group member behaves in a way that does not match the expectations of the observer, the sample is unlikely to go unnoticed. In other words, stereotypes of gender roles are rooted in cognitive schemata we use to interpret the behavior of men and women.
Do they create stereotypes of gender roles self-fulfilling prophecy? Influence
home, parents can help to establish differences in ability and perception differently. Example, math, parents' expectations about differences in mathematical ability between the sexes become prophecies. Parents influenced by gender stereotypes expect their children to overcome their daughters in math, contribute to success in the children, but strengthened over the lack of girls need more performance, so that girls think they are worth for mathematics.
academic Influlencia , teachers have stereotyped beliefs about the ability of students / os
Evolutionary trends of the gender typing
1 - The development of gender identity.
2 - The development of stereotypical gender roles.
3 - Conduct a criminal.
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