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Asian Neanderthals were cousins \u200b\u200b

DNA from a pre-human child found in Siberia shows that it was probably an eastern relative of Neanderthals and, like them, the species was crossed with the first modern humans.

The species, named denisovana lived 30,000 years ago and contributed a significant part DNA to modern Melanesians living in the Pacific islands, the researchers said in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature.

Last March, the same team announced the discovery of previously unknown pre-human species, using DNA extracted from an ancient finger of one hand found in a cave.

The team, led by David Reich of Harvard Medical School in Boston and Svante Paabo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, have looked more human DNA in its infancy, a girl 5 to 10 years.

"Image emerging nuclear genome analysis is that the population of Denisova is a sister group of Neanderthals, "they wrote.

The team compared the DNA of Denisova with human genetic code of 38 today from 53 populations . They found that more than 5 percent of the DNA of two ethnic Melanesian coincided with the sequence Denisova girl.

"They are the ancestors of the people of Papua New Guinea, but not the vast majority of Eurasian people, "said Reich, an expert in genetics, in a statement.

This gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthat first ancestors of some residents Asia crossed the Pacific islands and flirted with denisovanos.

Modern Melanesians living in the islands of New Guinea, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and some smaller surrounding islands. Are genetically distinct from the Polynesians.

In May, a team led by Paabo said they had genetic evidence that Neanderthals and modern humans met, probably when the first humans began migrating out of Africa.

The team also analyzed a tooth found in the cave Siberia and found that matched the DNA of the finger. The molar Denisova is much greater than the large back teeth of modern humans and their shape was more like the tooth of a pre-human.

"We hope these results encourage archaeologists and paleontologists to study the places occupied by denisovanos" said Reich. " All we need now is a finger bone, a tooth and a genome."

Scientists have speculated for years that several different human species once lived at various times throughout the last million years. However, many have lived in the tropics, where the bones do not preserve easily.

Information Thursday adds evidence that many species could have been modern appearance that have not yet been discovered.

" Analysis of modern and ancient DNA will help us better understand our own myths of creation, and illuminate the details of the molecular events in the cave " said Carlos Bustamante geneticists and Brenna Henn University Stanford in California in a commentary.